![]() Osmolalities of all body fluids are equal changes in solute concentrations are quickly followed by osmotic changes.Plasma is the only fluid that circulates throughout the body and links external and internal environments.Nutrients, respiratory gases, and wastes move unidirectionally.Ion fluxes are restricted and move selectively by active transport.Electrolytes determine the chemical and physical reactions of fluids.This reflects the activity of cellular ATP-dependent sodium-potassium pumps.Sodium and potassium concentrations in extra- and intracellular fluids are nearly opposites.ECFs are similar except for the high protein content of plasma.Water moves according to osmotic gradientsĮach fluid compartment of the body has a distinctive pattern of electrolytes.Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes.Nonelectrolytes – examples include glucose, lipids, creatinine, and urea.Electrolytes are inorganic salts, all acids and bases, and some proteins.Metabolic water produced during dehydration synthesis of anabolism.Ingested foods and liquids (preformed water).Water is the main component of all body fluids making up 45-75% of the total body weight.Blood Plasma - 20% of ECF found in circulatory system.Humor and vitreous body of eyes, between serous and visceral membranes, glomerular filtrate of kidneys. Interstitial Fluid - 80% of ECF is found in localized areas: lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous.Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - all fluids found outside the cells, comprises 40% of all body fluids.Intracellular Fluid (ICF) - fluid found in the cells (cytoplasm, nucleoplasm) comprises 60% of all body fluids.Respiratory/Renal Compensation/Metabolic Acidosisįluid Balance- The amount of water gained each day equals the amount lostĮlectrolyte Balance - The ions gained each day equals the ions lostĪcid-Base Balance - Hydrogen ion (H +) gain is offset by their loss Regulation of Sodium Balance: Aldosterone In other words, the volume of the extracellular fluid space is equal to the mass of inulin administered divided by the concentration of inulin in the extracellular fluid after inulin has distributed itself.īy using different compounds which distribute in different fluid compartments we can use the same method to measure the volume of the different fluid compartments.Associate Degree Nursing Physiology Review If we know how much we give, and later measure the concentration of inulin in the plasma we can calculate the volume of the extracellular space. If we give inulin to a person inulin will distribute itself into the whole extracellular fluid space. We can measure the sizes of different fluid compartments of a person by administering certain compounds intravenously. 40% of the body’s weight is intracellular water and 20% of the body’s weight is extracellular water. 60% of the body’s weight is water (total body water). ![]() It’s easy to remember how much each fluid volume weighs with the 60 – 40 – 20 rule. These volumes vary from person to person, but they’re approximately the same in everyone who have average bodies. Transcellular fluid (not important right now).Plasma fluid/intravasal fluid (fluid inside the blood vessels).Interstitial fluid (fluid in the interstitial space, the space that is between cells in a tissue).Extracellular fluid compartment (fluid outside cells).Intracellular fluid compartment (fluid inside cells).These compartments are best illustrated as a tree: That fluid is divided into two major compartments, the intracellular compartment, which includes all the water inside the cells, and the extracellular compartment, which includes all the water outside the cells. Cell typeĪ good way to remember the order of white blood cells in decreasing order from most abundant to least abundant is the pneumonic n ever l et m onkeys e at b ananas. You should know which cells are present in the blood and in what number. The cellular elements comprise 45% of the total blood volume. The blood can be divided into two parts: The plasma and the cellular elements. Transports endocrine hormones around, allowing communication between cells.Protection against pathogens, because it carries the white blood cells and other components of the immune system around.Regulate pH, because the plasma contains acid-base buffers.Regulate body temperature by altering blood flow through the skin.Transports important molecules to and from cells.If a person has too little blood volume, he has hypovolaemia, and if he has too much he has hypervolaemia. That’s because the blood contains many cells and proteins that contribute to the blood volume. The volume of the plasma is around 3 litres in an average person, but the average blood volume is 4-6 litres.
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